Copyright, intellectual property and innovation Essay

Copyright, protected innovation and advancement - Essay Example It very well may be hard for an engineer to demonstrate another bit of programming is theirs, particularly when a deceitful contender begins guaranteeing they made it, and asserting enormous measures of cash from the designer. Property rights are a finished bad dream for the little organization or conventional individual who essentially needs to create programming for the good of its own and wishing to make a little benefit at the same time. Copyright is one region of security that ought to be direct, however it isn't. Protecting programming appears to be a smart thought, yet this can be troublesome, tedious and costly. Licensed innovation rights means’ programming must be demonstrated to be one of a kind, which isn't generally conceivable toward the beginning of an undertaking where such reasoning may not happen. For as the venture starts, from the second the principal code is composed and a thought disclosed, there is the threat of burglary. For the open who need to utilize the product, there are issues not of their creation in all the property rights, for example, genuine time delays in getting something exceptional and helpful for them. Licensed innovation Rights (IPR) have just been in presence since 1967, and programming has just been perceived as requiring assurance since the late 1970’s, before that it was not viewed as significant and was normally provided by the organization who constructed the equipment as a total substance. When it was understood that product could be a different item with its own fairly estimated worth, and afterward it began to get imperative to secure it. Later the sort of thing that could be secured was contended over by programming organizations hazy with regards to what was in the basic area and what was totally theirs. A couple of years prior there was an enormous contention between Apple PCs and Microsoft over the utilization of the Trash Can in their particular working frameworks. Apple asserting their entitlement to it as their innovation and Microsoft saying it was something in the open space, required by any working framework. The contention went

Market Entry Methods free essay sample

In the wake of evaluating nature in your chose nation, how would you conclude which are the best nations to enter? Paliwood (1993) recommends that before you enter an abroad market there are six factors that should be thought of: Speed †How rapidly do you wish to enter your chose showcase? Costs-What is the expense of entering that advertise? Adaptability †How simple is it to enter/leave your picked showcase? Hazard Factor †What is the political danger of entering the market? What are the serious hazard? How serious is the market? Recompense period †When do you wish to get an arrival from entering the market? Are there weights to earn back the original investment and return a benefit inside a specific period? Long haul targets What does the association wish to accomplish in the long haul by working in the outside market? Will they build up a nearness in that market and afterward move onto others? Exchanging abroad There are a number ways an association can begin to sell their items in worldwide markets. We will compose a custom paper test on Market Entry Methods or on the other hand any comparative subject explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page 1. Direct fare. The association creates their item in their home market and afterward offers them to clients abroad. 2. Circuitous fare The associations offers their item to an outsider who at that point sells it on inside the remote market. 3. Authorizing Another less unsafe market section technique is permitting. Here the Licensor will allow an association in the remote market a permit to create the item, utilize the brand name and so on consequently that they will get an eminence installment. 4. Diversifying Franchising is another type of permitting. Here the association assembles a bundle of the ‘successful’ fixings that made them an accomplishment in their home market and afterward establishment this bundle to oversea speculators. The Franchise holder may assist by giving preparing and advertising the administrations or item. McDonalds is a well known case of a Franchising choice for extending in universal markets. 5. Getting Another of structure on advertise passage in an abroad market which includes the trading of thoughts is contracting. The producer of the item will contract out the creation of the item to another association to deliver the item for their sake. Plainly contracting out recoveries the association sending out to the outside market. 6. Assembling abroad a definitive choice to sell abroad is the choice to build up an assembling plant in the host nation. The administration of the host nation may give the association some type of duty advantage since they wish to pull in internal speculation to help make work for their economy. . Joint Venture To share the danger of market section into a remote market, two associations may meet up to frame an organization to work in the host nation. The two organizations may share information and mastery to help them in the advancement of organization, obviously benefits should be shared out moreover. All organizations need to set goals for themselves or for the items or administrations they are propelling. What does your organization, item or administration want to accomplish? Setting targets are significant. it concentrates the organization on explicit points over some stretch of time and can propel staff to meet the goals set. A straightforward abbreviation used to set goals is called SMART destinations.

Screening report Movie Review Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Screening report - Movie Review Example As Sirk proposed All that Heaven Allows to be a pundit of the ordinary American qualities, the film effectively depends on the abuse of suitable points of vision, to complement this subject. The film commonly opens up with a high-edge shot of a cold and reserved church tower in New England, along these lines making the qualities represented by it that administered the lives of the individuals occupying that town look trivial, immaterial and wobbly. The other subject that the chief proposed to complement was the strict and topical suffocation of Cary, by the prevailing social standards and qualities. Metty effectively figured out how to outwardly build up this subject by falling back on putting outlines inside casings. Numerous multiple times the fundamental character Cary is demonstrated to be situated inside casings, as behind the windowpanes or the premonition impression of Cary in the TV, representing and pointing towards her allegorical and genuine

Society’s Reaction to Lgbt Free Essays

Prologue to Sociology Social Issue #2: LGBT people group Can you eat have the option to eat with the two spoons: a paper on the LGBT people group Imagine walking in your preferred shop, sitting on your most-cherished spot and making the most of your espresso of decision however on a table before you rests a lady trying to expend her morning meal utilizing two spoons. Also, as that wonders grabs your eye, you’re there attempting to understand why in the world would she utilize two comparable utensils whose capacities don't appear to jive, why, given the nearness of a fork, would she compel herself to eat with two spoons, for what reason would she not extra herself from the exertion. Before I get reproached by philosophical scholars expressing the chance of really eating with two spoons, the previously mentioned analogy presents the issue on the lesbians, gays, bisexuals and transgender altogether known as the LGBT people group. We will compose a custom exposition test on Society’s Reaction to Lgbt or then again any comparable point just for you Request Now Much the same as grubbing with the two spoons, the presence of the â€Å"third kind† is something we are not completely acquainted with, something that we see as atypical yet regardless of given those we calmly, I expect, exist together. They are all over; Tarzans transforming into Janes and Janes transforming into well†¦ Tarzans. As their reality raises the foreheads of such huge numbers of Filipinos today; so much disparagement has been tossed to the general public who’s just want, as I would see it, is to liberated from the being closeted and communicate as it were, regardless of particular, that would encapsulate their totality and genuine persona. Albeit effectively acknowledged in certain nations (Argentina, Belgium, Canada, Denmark, Iceland, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, South Africa, Sweden, and some sub-national wards (parts of Mexico and the United States), it is still vetoed, off by a long shot to being completely endured, here in the Philippines; that regardless of how the quantity of gatherings that help the LGBT spring up in the archipelago increment after some time, our kababayans still remember it in an inappropriate focal points. Reports presume that 379,799 to 804,280 of the Filipino populace is comprised of the third kind and such number makes the Church wildly fret; makes it question how could it surface, these days significantly more unmitigatedly, in a country whose traditions are profoundly established in the Catholic confidence †in a country instructed that in the production of the Universe it just Adam and Eve, not an Adeve, who were framed. The if I'm not mistaken this is as yet a free world and the freedom of articulation despite everything applies so I for one accept that the general public should pay more mind on the issues that really fall apart the country; apportion more regard for tricky tasks of the administration, destitution goals and other more important motivation than LGBT hating and leave the network whose sole wish is to thrown their rainbow. All people are qualified for decision, the ability to control what happens next†¦ I propose cynic faces decide to comprehend and regard the people who didn’t have a decision what they would be during childbirth. References http://en. wikipedia. organization/wiki/Same-sex_marriage http://pinoylgbt. com/http://en. wikipedia. organization/wiki/LGBT_culture_in_the_Philippines http://en. wikipilipinas. organization/record. php? title=Homosexuality_in_the_Philippines http://lagablab. wordpress. com/2006/09/15/gay-insights in-the-philippines-by-agreement/ The most effective method to refer to Society’s Reaction to Lgbt, Essay models

Choosing the Best PTE Essay Samples

Choosing the Best PTE Essay SamplesThe PTE essay samples in the year 2020 are excellent. It is for example, much more lively, which is definitely a good thing and you can be sure that it will stand out from the rest. With the choices of essays available in the market, it is up to you to see which one you think would fit you well and which one you want to write.The PTE essay samples would be good if you are not a native English speaker and you want to learn how to write essays in a few weeks. That is why it is best to use the PTE essay samples for this purpose. You just need to follow the tutorial to learn how to write them. Then you just need to focus on how to write them so that you will have it down pat.When choosing the PTE sample essay, it is always advisable to choose the ones that are written by someone who has more experience. You need to know that it is very important for you to be clear about the point you want to make and to emphasize that point in your essay. It is good if you can catch the reader's attention.Try to find the best PTE essay samples to use. One of the things you should do is use the PTE sample essay first before you actually try to write your own. This way, you can be certain that your writing skills are not too rusty.The PTE essay samples in the year 2020 are brilliant and they are interesting as well. You may also write your own essay, but you should do so after you know what you are doing. The best tip would be to practice.It is never a good idea to write your essay without doing any practice. In fact, there are many ways of doing this and if you try a method that does not work, it is probably a good idea to try another one until you find one that does.You need to take care of the rules of grammar and syntax when using the PTE samples. Your main goal here is to make your reader understand what you are trying to tell them. If the points you are trying to make are badly put across, you are not going to get anywhere.It is important tha t you do not become too excited over the PTE essay samples in the year 2020. You just need to try your best and make sure that you are not too frustrated with your first draft. Once you have tried to learn how to write a sentence, you can use this time to be able to correctly write a sentence and have a great first draft.

Porter Model - Free Essay Example

I. Rivalry: In the traditional economic model, competition among rival firms drives profits to zero. But competition is not perfect and firms are not unsophisticated passive price takers. Rather, firms strive for a competitive advantage over their rivals. The intensity of rivalry among firms is very large in case of jewelry business. There are a lot of big brands and even small small jewelers are present in the market. II. Threat Of Substitutes In Porters model, substitute products refer to products in other industries. To the economist, a threat of substitutes exists when a products demand is affected by the price change of a substitute product. In general jewelry falls under the category of apparels, all over the world. Additionally, in India, Jewelry is often looked as the option for investment rather than apparels. There are a lot of substitutes like equity, real estate, mutual funds, fixed deposits, etc. are available for the target customer. III. Buyer Power The power of buyers is the impact that customers have on a producing industry. In general, when buyer power is strong, the relationship to the producing industry is near to what an economist terms a monopsony a market in which there are many suppliers and one buyer. Also for Tanishq customers, there is capacity for buying is different for different customers. Quality might be the USP of Tanishq. But, making charges of any jewelry plays a vital decision in the process of buying from a particular supplier. IV. Supplier Power A producing industry requires raw materials labor, components, and other supplies. This requirement leads to buyer-supplier relationships between the industry and the firms that provide it the raw materials used to create products. Labour in person is a very crucial parameter in jewelry industry. Also, the 80 to 90% of the selling price constitutes the cost of gold as a raw material. V. Barriers to Entry / Threat of Entry It is not only incumbent rivals that pose a threat to firms in an industry; the possibility that new firms may enter the industry also affects competition.

How Wind Energy Destroyed Our Wild Life - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 2 Words: 468 Downloads: 9 Date added: 2019/08/08 Category Energy Industry Essay Level High school Tags: Wind Energy Essay Did you like this example? Renewable energy is generated by a natural and unconventional source it only need to convert natural energy sources such as the sun, wind, and water into continual energy to facilitate their use in everyday life. Renewable energy is widely available in nature, unlike underground fossil fuels in limited forms like oil, gas, and coal and can be implemented from repeated use. The wind turbines are environmentally friendly and do not contaminate the air with carbon dioxide, sulfur, or hydrogen sulfide residues, as do traditional generation plants. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "How Wind Energy Destroyed Our Wild Life" essay for you Create order Wind turbines differ from power plants because they are confined to sites where the proportion of wind is high in the mountains or near sea currents. A question that has always been asked by scientists and friends of the environment is do wind turbines negatively affect the earth? and do they damage marine areas and the wind farm? Most people believe wind power is one of the best ideas to create clean and affordable energy. However, wind power does not respect its promise to respect the environment. Wind energy, with its giant turbines, destroys wildlife, interferes with radio signals, causes noise, and changes the oceans general circulation. Birds take many places to live by balancing between protection from predators and the zones to access food, taking into account the Effort to bring the food for their babies and the time-consuming. to achieve this balance birds especially migratory. take high places such as mountains, highlands and then the coasts. And all those areas are tempted the wind energy researchers, also those places the wind does not stop throughout the year. Some of the effects that wind turbines cause on birds: death through collision or decrease by altering the housing due to inconvenience, which leads to decreased births in birds. Director of Science Nature Conservancy in Wyoming, Holly Copeland remarked, Over a half million birds and about a million bats, a study in 2013 by Smallwood, et al showed. And if you run those numbers out for Wyoming there are about 5000 grassland birds, we would be losing every yearthere was a paper that showed 20 eagles and in addition to that Duke Energy reported 52 eagles as well. Bats live anywhere in the world except pole north and Antarctica, but they favor warm areas like rainforests and prefer mountains because of their dark caves with hardly any light and much to eat. Bats travel at night depending on their ears, not their eyes and with the presence of those giant wind turbines that occur strong voices, disturb and change bat tracks and push them to collide with those turbines. Coastal wind farms p rovide renewable energy, but the activities that accompany them during their construction and the local air circulation of turbines affect marine mammals that use sound as a means of communication, food creation, movement, and reproduction

Psychology Of Sexual Orientation - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 1 Words: 250 Downloads: 4 Date added: 2019/10/10 Did you like this example? Sexual orientation refers to an individual’s sexual preference with respect to the gender in which they are drawn or attracted, for instance bisexual, homosexual, or heterosexual. In many different cultures there are taboos in regards to different sexualities, therefore it is very important to evaluate what causes these different sexual orientations and how they can be prevented at an early age. This is because the different sexual orientations cause discriminations and stigma. According to different research these orientations are due to different environments, cultures. Genes and the brain structure(Ward et al, 2013). Different lifestyles and environments affect an individual’s sexuality because they tend to adapt to the environment in which they are in, this will help them to survive and adapt better. Furthermore, different cultures are also play a role in an individual’s sexual orientation because they show and highlight the different norms and rules that should be followed. Genetically different individuals are born with different genetic make-up, in their different chromosomes and these affect their sexuality highly without much significance on the gender (Ward et al, 2013). Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Psychology Of Sexual Orientation" essay for you Create order Additionally, different hormone’s also play a role in determining an individual’s sexuality, for instance, the levels of testosterone and estrogen both in males and females. In conclusion, it is very important to respect each and every individual’s sexuality, this is because most of these sexual orientations are not because of an individual’s life style but they are mostly things that they can’t control by themselves.

Unions and Collective Bargaining/Discrimination in the...

I. ESSAY ONE - Collective Bargaining is essential component in any industrial democracy. Labor market can be defined as the mechanism in which workers compete for jobs and employers compete for workers. In a labor market, wages, benefits and responsibilities of workers are bought and sold. Unlike traditional markets however, labor is not a good that can be differentiated by conventional rules of supply and demand. While workers are the suppliers and employers are the buyers, overall supply cannot be manufactured as people only have a limited amount of time in a day. Additionally, companies are strong and can often directly manipulate the market by setting strict labor rules, triggering potential reductions in any supply side†¦show more content†¦Collective bargaining sets monthly wages, benefits and working hours on the negotiation table, not through each workers individual production or efficiency efforts. This may be negative for the hardest working union members as R ecent research suggests that productivity is substantially higher when employees monetary incentives are based solely on individual effort. The most direct impact workers face is the monthly deduction from salaries. These deductions could wipeout your short term compensatory gains that the union originally created. Finally, within existing economic labor models, hard work, increased wages and benefits should eventually come from a natural market fluctuation. As a result, disciplined and valuable workers will distance themselves from their counterparts and raise employers demand for these individuals, while reducing their low skilled equivalents. Over the past several decades, there has been a steady decline in the demand for low skilled workers. An argument could also be made that corporations, management and employers are not as powerful as their predecessors, thus not able to get away with the tactics used 20 to 30 years ago. The logic above could support the recent reductio n nationally in union membership. Some of the most profitable American companiesShow MoreRelatedCollective Bargaining And Bargaining Agreements1704 Words   |  7 Pagesterm â€Å"collective bargaining† and list and describe four issues that are mandatory components of a collective bargaining agreement. The term collective bargaining is defined as the system of bargaining when representatives of the employer and the employees negotiate the terms and conditions of employment that will apply to the employees. In the United States collective bargaining agreements are legally binding and typically last one to five years. (Budd, 2013,) PAGE 235 Collective bargaining is oneRead MoreThe Role Of Collective Bargaining And Resolve Industrial Disputes1356 Words   |  6 PagesThe role of collective bargaining to resolve industrial disputes Collective bargaining was first used in 1891 by Beatrice Webb between employers and employees as the way to resolve disputes. Collective bargaining are the negotiations carried out by a recognised in a workplace trade union and the employer. These negotiations deal with terms and conditions of employment. Thus, one of the aims of a trade union is to negotiate with employers in order to achieve the best possible results for their membersRead MoreLabor Relations: Collective Bargaining Agreements1588 Words   |  7 PagesCollective Bargaining Collective bargaining is the process which involves negotiation on the employment’s terms between the employer and employees. The employment terms possibly include the items like working conditions, employment conditions and workplace rules, overtime pay, base pay, work hours, work holidays, shift length, vacation time, sick leave, health care benefits and retirement benefits. In US, the collective bargaining is done among the leaders of labor union and the company’s managementRead MoreEmployee Relations And Work Environment Success1639 Words   |  7 Pages Assignment 2: Unions Shirley A. Allen Argosy University B7426 Strategic Talent Management M3 Assignment 2 Dr. Marianne Greenfield September 16, 2015 Assignment 2: Unions Students are required to assume the role of a collective bargaining consultant. The collective bargaining consultant duties are to review the employees’ policies of the global retailer business. This company has been operating for many years, with effective employee relations and work environment successRead MoreEssay on australias wage determination system988 Words   |  4 Pages Australia has gone from a highly centralized wage determination system to a mainly decentralized one. There has been a move away from accords and awards to enterprise bargaining, through the 96 Workplace Relations Act. Recent policies include changes to unfair dismissal claims and the 2005 workplace reforms package. Throughout the 20th century, Australia has maintained a system of tribunals to make decisions about wage and non wage outcomes and to help resolve industrial disputes. InstitutionalRead MoreLabor Relations3179 Words   |  13 Pagesterm â€Å"collective bargaining† and list and describe  four issues that are  mandatory  components of a collective bargaining agreement.   Collective bargaining can be defined as the process of involving representatives from both employers and employees to come to terms and conditions of employment that both parties agree. These agreements are written into legally binding contacts good for one to five years. (Budd, 2009, p. 229) Four issues that are mandatory components of collective bargaining agreementRead MoreAustralias Wage Determination System Essay995 Words   |  4 PagesAustralia has gone from a highly centralized wage determination system to a mainly decentralized one. There has been a move away from accords and awards to enterprise bargaining, through the 96 Workplace Relations Act. Recent policies include changes to unfair dismissal claims and the 2005 workplace reforms package. Throughout the 20th century, Australia has maintained a system of tribunals to make decisions about wage and non wage outcomes and to help resolve industrial disputes. InstitutionalRead MoreWalmart Corporation s Labor And Employee Relations1700 Words   |  7 Pagesallegations been made by employees regarding their dissatisfaction about poor work conditions, gender discrimination, low wages, poor benefits, and inadequate health care. Walmart has been criticized for its policies against labor unions and this issue has prompted public outrage, (Johansson, 2005) which is of great concern for the market. The company has also faced criticism for being anti-union, but it has claimed that it is rather pro-associate, whereby employees can report their grievances withRead MoreJob Dismissals And Sweet Deals1390 Words   |  6 Pagesunprecedented decline in the density and bargaining power of trade unions in western democracies. Among the reasons for this trend, include rapid globalization, v olatile market conditions that trigger unemployment, the prevalence of anti-union laws, and intense hostility of employers towards unionization. Cyclic economic downturns have increased the operating costs over the years, especially in the form of wages and salaries demanded by employees through trade unions. High costs of operations translateRead MoreConflict Resolution Is Compromise And Understanding The Needs Of Others925 Words   |  4 Pagescan be negotiated or resolved effectively (Pon.harvard.edu, 2015). Collective bargaining is a process where an employer and employee representatives negotiate agreements dealing with conditions of employment, work hours and wages. The only states where public employees have the right to collective bargaining are; New Jersey and Florida. In the states of North Carolina, South Carolina, Tennessee and Virginia, collective bargaining is illegal for firefighters. Twenty four states currently have right

A Farewell To Arms By Ernest Hemingway Analysis - 1087 Words

In 1914, one of the worst wars in history started -- World War I. During this time, Italy suffered about 460,000 to 650,000 casualties of both military soldiers and citizens. Most of the people in Italy did not want to fight, but their lives were endangered as if they had no value or purpose. In the novel, A Farewell to Arms, Ernest Hemingway explores the hardships of the war through an ambulance driver in World War I referred to as Lieutenant Henry. Lieutenant Henry sees and experiences many things in his war experience, but overall comes back to the same realization: there is not much meaning in life. Throughout the novel, Hemingway teaches the reader that life is meaningless through the character’s relationships with each other, their†¦show more content†¦Even if a man is injured, the officers will still send him out into the war as soon as he can walk and hold a gun again. Men are thrown into battle with no way to change their situation, making the effort to live pointless. To recapitulate, life’s meaningless is represented through characters’ relationships. An additional way Hemingway shows the meaninglessness in life is with the characters’ views on the war. First, the ambulance drivers’ views on the war prove that life has no meaning. Passini, one of the ambulance drivers, says â€Å"‘When people realize how bad it [the war] is they cannot do anything to stop it because they go crazy’† (41). He points out that the war is despised by everyone, yet no one can rectify its corruption; they just have to deal with the war. After fighting an unwanted war, it takes the meaning of life away and life becomes pointless. Another reason that life is without purpose is that the priest has very little hope for the war. The priest says, â€Å"‘I had hoped for something†¦ now I don’t know’† (137). The priest is normally the most hopeful and sacrosanct person in a town, but the war is so bad that even he has a hard time holding onto faith. No one has hope for this war, showing that the m eaning in having faith is completely gone. A final reason life is so meaningless is that soldiers are willing to harm themselves to escape the war. AllShow MoreRelatedAnalysis On The Farewell Of Arms By Ernest Hemingway1101 Words   |  5 PagesThe book I chose to do my analysis on was A Farewell to Arms, written by Ernest Hemingway in 1929. It has a first person narrative and is told by American ambulance driver Frederic Henry who finds love in the form of a nurse named Catherine Barkley all while the first world war is happening in the background. The story almost serves as a biographical piece on Hemingway himself as many of the events and experiences in it are inspired by real life ones that affected him. He did fight in World War 1Read MoreA Farewell To Arms By Ernest Hemingway Analysis747 Words   |  3 PagesSchmidt †¢ A Farewell to Arms, Ernest Hemingway (born on July 21,1899 and died on July 2,1961) He was raised in Chicago, and he moved to Paris after marriage. Hemingway contributed to literature during his time by writing for his high school newspaper and later became a journalist for Kansas City Star. He also became a companion of a lot of successful writers with Gertrude Stein teaching him. (â€Å"Ernest Hemingway† Biography.com) †¢ Original publication- September 1929 (â€Å"Ernest Hemingway† BiographyRead MoreA Farewell To Arms By Ernest Hemingway Analysis1694 Words   |  7 Pageslives the way they wish they could. One example of this is in Ernest Hemingway’s novel, A Farewell To Arms. The brave World War One ambulance driver, Frederic Henry, shares many traits with the esteemed author. It’s almost like he’s the Batman to Hemingway’s Bruce Wayne. Hemingway often wrote from experience, whether it was drawing upon his experience at a bullfight or even writing about his time spent on the Italian front (Ernest Hemingway Biography ~ World War I 1). He shares several experiencesRead MoreAnalysis Of Ernest Hemingway s A Farewell Of Arms 1369 Words   |  6 Pagesof courage, glory, and selflessness. A Farewell to Arms, written by Ernest Hemingway, is a recollection of his war experiences. The protagonist, an American Lieutenant named Fredric Henry, struggles to find the middle ground between his affair with the beautiful and radiant Catherine Barkley and pursuing heroism in the Great War. The lovers’ lives are turned upside-down once they realize they are infatuated with each other. Like Lieutenant Henry, when Hemingway was â€Å"serving at the front, he was woundedRead MoreAnalysis Of Ernest Hemingway s A Farewell Of Arms 1219 Words   |  5 Pageswar cannot overcome the bond between lovers. However, Ernest Hemingway c ontrasts this version of war and love in his novel, A Farewell to Arms. He utilizes his past experiences in World War I to illustrate warfare from the perspective of a soldier on the front lines. His novel portrays romance in a negative light, showing an alternative result of love, rather than the clichà © â€Å"happily ever after† endings. In A Farewell to Arms, Hemingway suggests that love can only serve as a temporary haven inRead MoreAnalysis Of Ernest Hemingway s The A Farewell Of Arms 988 Words   |  4 PagesA Farewell to Arms - Modernism In the A Farewell to Arms, Ernest Hemingway incorporates a literary style known as Modernism. Literary Modernism, or Modernist literature, had its origin in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. The horrors of World War I perceived, were taken into consideration by Modernists as the prevailing assumptions about society were reassessed. Thinkers such as Sigmund Freud began questioning the rationality of mankind. Hemingway includes perspectivism, impressionism, andRead MoreNot Only Did The Effects Of War Negatively Influence Henry’S1282 Words   |  6 PagesNot only did the effects of war negatively influence Henry’s actions, the theme of tragedy and the horrors of war also influence the entire Italian Army. For example, in Moddelmog’s literary analysis, the author refers back to novel to discuss the temptations that are depicted by Hemingway to give an accurate representation of the daily lives of the soldiers and the author hints at a justification for their actions: â€Å"It might sound sordid, but during war who can blame soldiers for seeking pleasurableRead MoreThe Sentimental Education of Frederic Henry (Hemingway’s Other Possible Title)975 Words   |  4 Pages Ernest Hemingway’s protagonist Frederic Henry says A Farewell to Arms with a double meaning. The novel title is word play reflective of first, Frederic’s desertion of the war. His second farewell is to the arms of his beloved, Catherine Barkley after her death in childbirth. Wandering stoically through life, looking for some natural progression, Frederic lets one circumstance lead him to the next. At first, Frederic exhibits the hedonistic aspirations of a college fraternity pledge, motivatedRead MoreCoping with War: A Comparison Between Slaughterhouse Five and A Farewell to Arms1630 Words   |  7 PagesEarnest Hemmingway once said Never think that war, no matter how necessary, nor how justified, is not a crime. (Ernest Hemingway: A Literary Reference) War is a gruesome and tragic thing and affects people differently. Both Vonnegut and Hemmingway discus this idea in their novels A Farewell to Arms and Slaughterhouse Five. Both of the novels deal not only with war stories but other genres, be it a science fiction story in Vonnegut’s case or a love story in Hemingway’s. Despite all the similaritiesRead MorePsychoanalytic and Femisnist Theories in A Farewall to Arms by Ernst Hemingway2059 Words   |  9 Pagesâ€Å"A Farewell to Arms† written by Ernest Hemingway in 1929 attracted much critical acclaim and theoretical interpretation helping to understand the author’s message to the readers the overall importance of the literary work in the world. The events of the novel took place during the First World War in Italy revolving around Frederic Henry, an American ambulance driver working for the Italian Army and being wounded on the front. Another very important character in the novel was Catherine Barkley, the

A Midsummer Night s Dream And A Doll s House - 1365 Words

A Midsummer Night’s Dream A Doll’s House, written by William Shakespeare and Henrik Ibsen respectively, are plays that have a varying number of themes. These two plays are centuries apart yet, they share a strikingly similar approaches in regards to the themes that are scattered throughout both plays. Such themes consists of love and marriage, deceit and honesty and most noticeably the relationship between men and women. Though they share many of the same thematic elements, their stories are completely different from one another. A Midsummer Night s Dream is a play about love. All of its action—from the escapades of Lysander, Demetrius, Hermia, and Helena in the forest, to the argument between Oberon and Titania, to the play about two lovelorn youths that Bottom and his friends perform at Duke Theseus s marriage to Hippolyta—are motivated by love. But A Midsummer Night s Dream is not a romance, in which the audience gets caught up in a passionate love affair between two characters. It s a comedy, and because it s clear from the outset that it s a comedy and that all will turn out happily, rather than try to overcome the audience with the exquisite and overwhelming passion of love, A Midsummer Night s Dream invites the audience to laugh at the way the passion of love can make people blind, foolish, inconstant, and desperate. At various times, the power and passion of love threatens to destroy friendships, turn men against men and women against women, and throughShow MoreRelatedEssay on A Midsumme r Nights Dream: Critical Analysis3103 Words   |  13 PagesMandy Conway Mrs. Guynes English 12 16 March 2000 A Critical Analysis of quot;A Midsummer Nights Dreamquot; William Shakespeare, born in 1594, is one of the greatest writers in literature. He dies in 1616 after completing many sonnets and plays. One of which is quot;A Midsummer Nights Dream.quot; They say that this play is the most purely romantic of Shakespeares comedies. The themes of the play are dreams and reality, love and magic. This extraordinary play is a play-with-in-a-play, which

Play Dealers Choice by Patrick Marber Character Essay Example For Students

Play: Dealers Choice by Patrick Marber Character Essay a) In this scene, Mugsy, a waiter in a restaurant in London, is playing poker in what is a weekly game with his colleagues and boss. They are in the basement of the restaurant in which they work, and Mugsy is desperate to win this time, as he wants to purchase some public conveniences, with the intention of turning them into his own restaurant. He is quite a simple character, and would never be able to succeed in running his own business; the audience feels pathos for him. In this scene when he wins a hand, he responds as though it is the greatest thing that ever happened to him. One of the main complications in this act is that there is a professional poker player playing with them, although only one other character knows this, which means that Mugsy will lose this money very quickly again. I would play Mugsy with a cockney accent, and although varying the pitch of his voice a lot throughout, it would generally be quite high-pitched. The tone of his voice would be light and quite breathy, as he is quite simple. Generally his movements would be quite defined and show what he is feeling. When sitting at the table, I would slouch when Mugsy is sad, and sit up and bounce on the chair when ebullient (e. g. when winning or with a good hand). His walk would also reflect this, as he would be quite springy on his toes and upright when happy, and shuffling and hunched when annoyed or upset. His movement would be generally light; when he shuffles it would be quite simian, as he would be slightly hunched, but still quite light and gentle. He would have fluent movement throughout, and another little action that would hint as to his mood would be how he would put the chips into the centre of the table. When he was winning, or thought that he was, he would place them very carefully, precisely and quickly into the centre, and when tentative he would push them in slowly, or throw some in, whilst having appearing quite grumpy. Throughout the gambling scenes it would be obvious whether he was attempting to bluff and when he had a decent hand, as he would be unable to hide his emotions. This would show him to be a very poor poker player, hence his name Mugsy, a mug being a bad poker player. These actions are based on the fact that I think Mugsy is a very childish character, and I would play him like a child, changing between contrasting emotions very quickly, and exaggerating these feelings, like a child who is unable to rationalise and control emotions. When Mugsy first speaks at the start of Act 3, I would make the drawn out almost making the end of it into an err before saying hospital for poker casualties is just along the road, dropping the h of hospital and emphasising just. When Stephen then says, Mugsy will show you the way, I would snarl at him, and slouch a bit in my chair, as though upset and child-like. When announcing what the next game would be, I would pause after And the game, as though building up the suspense. I would subsequently say, Is Mugsys Nightmare, in a breathy and quiet voice, with squinting eyes, sitting upright and looking down on everyone out of the corners of his eyes, as though Mugsy thought himself superior. When saying that Stephen does not like Mugsys Nightmare, I would say it childish like, as though defensive after his game had been attacked, and therefore I would reply with a playground retort. .ude1fadb156288f76ecb1616526a83a14 , .ude1fadb156288f76ecb1616526a83a14 .postImageUrl , .ude1fadb156288f76ecb1616526a83a14 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ude1fadb156288f76ecb1616526a83a14 , .ude1fadb156288f76ecb1616526a83a14:hover , .ude1fadb156288f76ecb1616526a83a14:visited , .ude1fadb156288f76ecb1616526a83a14:active { border:0!important; } .ude1fadb156288f76ecb1616526a83a14 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ude1fadb156288f76ecb1616526a83a14 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ude1fadb156288f76ecb1616526a83a14:active , .ude1fadb156288f76ecb1616526a83a14:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ude1fadb156288f76ecb1616526a83a14 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ude1fadb156288f76ecb1616526a83a14 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ude1fadb156288f76ecb1616526a83a14 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ude1fadb156288f76ecb1616526a83a14 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ude1fadb156288f76ecb1616526a83a14:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ude1fadb156288f76ecb1616526a83a14 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ude1fadb156288f76ecb1616526a83a14 .ude1fadb156288f76ecb1616526a83a14-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ude1fadb156288f76ecb1616526a83a14:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: 5 pillars of Islam EssayWhen announcing that it is Dealers Choice, it would also be childish and defensive as though Mugsy were hurt that someone did not want to play the game that he invented. Finally when whilst dealing, I would have a quiet, plaintive tone in my voice when saying out? for the last time, and I would again be childish when saying Ooo making it quite high-pitched. I would deal the cards very precisely, and not very quickly, leaning a long way over the table each time, so that they were near to each person, rather than everyone else leaning in to collect their cards. When I would be explaining the rules of Mugsys Nightmare, I would run through them very quickly almost annoyed that I had to announce them, just because Mugsy knows them so well. After that when saying, You lose automatically, I would have a slightly threatening tone in my voice. When Ash says, pass, I would again act disappointed, as though one of the big boys did not want to play with me, and slouch somewhat, but then perk up when Carl calls, and do a little jump in my seat, returning Mugsy to an upright seating position, with a big grin on my face. When saying, No raise from the dealer, I would try and compose myself beforehand, and act calm, although failing miserably showing that really I was ebullient. Whilst dealing the cards to the other actors, I would draw the card from the top of the pack very quickly slamming it onto the table, prior to announcing what it is, and pausing a little before dealing the next card. When saying, Double deemonds, I would act as though it was a very rare and great thing to get to successive diamonds, emphasising it by shouting deemonds like a football supporter, and in a football-like chant. I would suddenly change after this and calm down to say, Jack to speak, softly and controlled. When saying Ooo in reply to Sweeney, again it would be childish and playground-like. After dealing the next lot of cards, I would again be excited and say, What is it, inquiringly as Mugsy is starting to think that he is going to win.

The B2B Mix Marketing Campaign Beneficial for DSO Free Sample

Question: Evaluate the Potential B2C and B2B Customer Segments that make up the DSOs Market. Answer: Introduction The Darwin Symphony Orchestra is an orchestra based in Darwin, Australia that was founded by Martin Jarvis. The first concert was held by DSO in the year 1989. The Company receives financial support from the government of the Northern Territory as well as support from private donors that includes Charles Darwin University. It performs approximately 8 concerts every year. A documentary on DSO was introduced by ABC television that was titled as Have Orchestra. It was twice presented with the National Australia Day Community Event of the Year Award. Matthew Wood is the present artistic director of the DSO (Jandl 2015). The report provides an overview about segmentation and targeting as well as their relevance to B2C and B2B marketing. It also illustrates about the evaluation of segment as well as the evaluation of specific B2C niche segment for the DSO marketing. The report briefly describes about B2B target marketing for the DSO team to focus on. The marketing strategy is relied upon targeting the overall mass market. The importance of market segmentation is that it facilitates a trade to precisely reach a customer with precise requirements (Lewis 2014). It provides long-run advantages to the company as they are able to make the use of the corporate resources. Segmenting and Targeting Sellers can choose to pursue business-to-consumer markets or business-to-business markets or both. The customers are influenced in certain ways to purchase certain things. Most of these factors are used to segment customers. A firm mostly makes the use of several segmentation bases or criteria in order to categorize purchasers in order to get a complete picture of its customers as well as generate real value for them. A layer of information is added by each layer (Lafreniere, Deshpande and Bjornlund 2015). Market segmentation in B2B markets mostly satisfies needs of the individuals and makes profit along the way is the purpose of marketing. However, needs of the individuals varies and as a result, satisfying them may require diverse approaches. Segmenting by behaviour is common as well the sellers frequently divide the customers on the basis of the usage rates of products. The customers who order several goods as well as services from a seller often receive special deals and are serv ed by salesperson who calls on them individually. The segmentation in B2B markets includes a price-focused segment that is composed of small firms that have low marginal profit as well as quality and brand-focused segment that is composed of companies that demand high-quality goods and possess top-notch delivery as well as service needs. Like B2C customers, the B2B customers explore innovative ways that helps to reach the target markets. There are common market segment dimensions for customers and B2B markets (Thomas and Thomas 2016). Under B2C market segmentation, the focus is mostly on traits of customers such as age, income bracket, education as well as gender. It also deals with the online shoppers as well as shopping centre customers. Marketing segmentation is likely to be a long-lasting procedure and it helps to determine the exact segments that illustrate the most probable sales for the organization. Targeting takes place when the marketer creates diverse segments within the market and devises several marketing strategies. It also devises several promotional schemes as per the preference and taste of the customers of a particular segment. An organization targets the market segments once the market segments are created. It is the second stage that takes place after segmentation. With the help of several marketing policies as well as schemes, the organization targets their commodities amongst several segments. Targeting takes place once all the potential market segments are identified (Dibb and Simkin 2016). The creation of the right advertising message necessitates targeting precise customers. Segment evaluation DSO mostly serves the society by delivering symphony music as it is a non-profit organization. It also provides music education to the students so that they can perform in school programs. In the year 2012, the orchestra launched an education program and as a result, they gained immense popularity in more than 2000 territory based schools. The marketing segmentation of DSO also includes symphonic music that is provided by them mostly in the Northern Territory of Australia. In order to acknowledge the several existing and potential B2B and B2C customer segment, it is required to have an essence of marketing. The vertical green arrows illustrate the movements between segments that is seek to stimulate through marketing (Aghdaie and Alimardani 2015). The strategies mostly include long-term strategies that are intended to accomplish a known objective or vision. The goals of DSO involve a strategic policy that requires knowing about the audience and reaching them. It also involves the rev iewing and revising of approach. It is also requisite to build relationships with the customers. In the context market segmenting, DSO requires to follow a behavioural targeting that illustrates to a circumstance that will lead to exclusive marketing programs. This leads to advanced technology that encourages and enables a definitive practice of marketing. Marketers are empowered by more detailed individual data that facilitates a much higher degree of familiarity as well as frequency of contact with customers. On the other hand, it also leads to geo-targeting that acts as a practice of customizing an advertisement for the concert tickets that is mostly based on geographic location of probable purchasers (Zuiderveen Borgesius 2015). The micro macro segmentation refers to the organizational market that involves variables such as the size of the organization as well as its location. The list price of DSO is likely to take the volume discounts into account that large clients will unavoidably ask for and the individuals leads to good representatives. There requires to have a decisio n making unit that however; does not exist on a formal organizational chart. The members of the decision-making depend on what commodity is being purchased and whether the commodity has been purchased earlier. However, if the commodity is purchased earlier the unit might just consist of manufacturing purchasers (Pothitou et al. 2016). The macro segmentation of DSO takes place when the market is categorized or segmented on the basis of the variables with wider scope that includes organizational variables. The variables that are included comprises of location that acts as an imperative variable to acknowledge about the communication needs as well as the culture. Macro and micro segments are two diverse types of segmentation. It is the procedure that divides the overall market into diverse groups based on diverse variables. The purchasing procedure and purchasing size of DSO depends on the variables such as the size of the organization. On the other hand, macro segmentation is always wider as compared to micro segmentation that mostly focuses the target on small base of customer (Cui and Choudhury 2015). However, micro segmentation employs other variables that form the basis of classification that is mostly customer oriented as it takes customer experience and benefits into account. Qualitative research techniques tu rn out be invaluable at the stage of lifestyle segmentation. It also provides the in-depth analysis about the conceptual understanding according to which the large-scale customers will be asked about the degree to which they agree to each statement put forward by DSO. A key section or attitude towards orchestra should also be considered (Budeva and Mullen 2014). Most of the analysis of segmentation is mostly based on cluster analysis that comprises of a set of well-described statistical processes that group individuals perform according to the proximity of the ratings. Cluster analysis tends to avoid the pattern of respondent ratings and depend fundamentally upon the proximity of the ratings. Another restriction of clustering approaches is that all the statements are treated as identical. An advanced way to accomplish a good psychographic segmentation is to first recognize the statements that are more imperative. The final stage that is associated to segment tends to large and complicated (Duran and Odell 2013). B2C target A specific B2C niche customer segment for the DSO marketing team is demographic segmentation. This type of segmentation deals with the market that is mostly based on certain traits of the audience. It is even more competent while targeting multiple segments at once. Demographic characteristics mostly include certain factors that are not limited to race, age, gender, ethnicity, education as well as marital status. It is also more effectual while targeting several segments at once. The combination of several customer segmentation criteria has the probability to reach a much targeted niche market that increases sales while maximizing the value of each marketing dollar invested (Fang, Xiaofeng and Jianhua 2015). The rationale for its selection in terms of distinctiveness, size or accessibility is the scheme that categorizes customers as per the identical requirements or desired outcomes in order to support communications. The B2C rationale is most effectual against customer experience objectives that include diminishing complaints or low-effort communications. It also provides probable value to tailor service to segment with high anticipated future value. The objective of this scheme is mostly to maximize the future values of these high-probable groups. The B2C customers who are associated with DSO are mostly the individuals who book the orchestra for weddings and other private and public events. The individuals those who lives near the Darwin and Northern Territory, includes wealthy businessmen as well as other powerful individuals. Darwin Symphony Orchestra is also invited by the managers of the company to initiate an event (Kang 2015). B2B target A dominating niche B2B market mostly diminishes competition that in turn reduces price pressure and helps to bring suppliers closer to customers that augments their loyalty. DSO requires to adopt the NicheMktg approach that mostly focuses on market segmentation. This in turn helps to define the needs that increase sales in particular target audience. The B2B mix marketing campaign will prove beneficial for DSO as it will target those customers who have a common business requirement and can be found anywhere in the world. With the help this, DSO will keep focus on targeted niche market rather trying to reach every individual. This will help the customers to recognize the positioning as well as the message that is based on differentiation. As a result, the concerts that are carried out by DSO will make the targeted customers happy by aligning the market requirements. The potential customers will request the experts to solve the real-world trade challenges and DSO will ultimately become the major reference in this precise area of knowledge within the specified niche market (Pato 2015). The B2B customer segmentation deals with the objectives and outputs of customer segmentation research are likely to rely on the stage of the company. It helps to have a clear idea of the demand of individuals to purchase the concert tickets. This leads to augmented satisfaction as well as better performance against competitors. It also helps to focus on marketing strategies that is mostly parallel with enhancements to the commodities. The rationale for selecting B2B niche segment facilitates DSO to pursue elevated percentage opportunities. It helps to create a step towards a meaningful change in DSO that will in turn acknowledge the change. In the case of an orchestra company, moving from a start-up stage to an expansion stage helps the developing company to make a transition (Kandeil, Saad and Youssef 2014). Ultimately, best present segmentation of customer helps to denote ideal customers and the segments to which those customers belong to. The B2B customers illustrate the enterprises who hire the orchestra to conduct an event in their Company. There is always a prospect to invite the popular orchestra to carry out an event due to several private and government organization that is situated near the Darwin and Northern Territory. The cost of hiring of DSO is negligible as compared to other music company due to the fact that Darwin Symphony Orchestra is a non-profit organization. The team that makes decision comprises several departments such as technical department, financial department and operational department who require to agree on the particular decision that is related to inviting of DSO (Thomas and Thomas 2016). Positioning customer behaviour Positioning is described as the marketing strategy that aims to make a brand engage a diverse position. Companies mostly apply this strategy either by highlighting the diverse characteristics of their brand or they might try to generate an appropriate image (Gengler and Mulvey 2017). Figure: Positioning Map (Source: Created by Author) The perceptual mapping is a graphic display that illustrates the perceptions of customers with relation to characteristics of products. This in turn influences the behaviour of customers the ideal points of the customers reflects the ideal amalgamation of product characteristics. It is a illustrative technique that is mostly used by marketers in an attempt to visually display the potential customers. The positioning map mostly considers the ideal points of the customers. The customers are also identifying the problem according to which the purchaser identifies a divergence between the actual and some desired state. Conclusion It can be concluded that B2B procedure involves the commodities and services of the trade that are marketed to other trades. An organization targets the market segments once the market segments are created. The B2B mix marketing campaign will prove beneficial for DSO as it will target those customers who have a common business requirement and can be found anywhere in the world. Diverse marketing approaches are mostly used in both B2B and B2C process. A layer of information is added by each layer. Market segmentation in B2B markets mostly satisfies needs of the individuals and makes profit along the way is the purpose of marketing. The customers under the B2C transaction select goods and pay for those goods. The rationale for its selection in terms of distinctiveness, size or accessibility is the scheme that categorizes customers as per the identical requirements or desired outcomes in order to support communications. A company considers the introduction of a new product that seeks for area with a high density of idea points. It can also be concluded that the rationale for selecting B2B niche segment facilitates DSO to pursue elevated percentage opportunities. It can also be concluded that the market potential of a segment can be evaluated by viewing the number of potential customers in the segment. The major factor in the evaluation of every segment is the competitive circumstance. References Aghdaie, M.H. and Alimardani, M., 2015. Target market selection based on market segment evaluation: a multiple attribute decision making approach.International Journal of Operational Research,24(3), pp.262-278. Budeva, D.G. and Mullen, M.R., 2014. International market segmentation: Economics, national culture and time.European Journal of Marketing,48(7-8), pp.1209-1238. Cui, G. and Choudhury, P., 2015. Effective strategies for ethnic segmentation and marketing. InProceedings of the 1998 Multicultural Marketing Conference(pp. 354-358). Springer International Publishing. Dibb, S. and Simkin, L., 2016. Market Segmentation and Segment Strategy.Marketing Theory: A Student Text, p.251. Duran, B.S. and Odell, P.L., 2013.Cluster analysis: a survey(Vol. 100). Springer Science Business Media. Fang, L., Xiaofeng, L. and Jianhua, W., 2015, December. Research on ranking recommendation algorithm of multi-B2C behavior. InComputer Science and Network Technology (ICCSNT), 2015 4th International Conference on(Vol. 1, pp. 657-660). IEEE. Gengler, C.E. and Mulvey, M.S., 2017. Planning pre-launch positioning: Segmentation via willingness-to-pay and means-end brand differentiators.Journal of Brand Management, pp.1-20. Jandl, M.J., 2015. Bergsons Symphony Orchestra and Adlers Personality Model: Contribution to Hermeneutic Therapy Schools Research.Current Research in Psychosocial Arena: Thinking about Health, Society and Culture, p.3. Kandeil, D.A., Saad, A.A. and Youssef, S.M., 2014, September. A Two-Phase Clustering Analysis for B2B Customer Segmentation. InIntelligent Networking and Collaborative Systems (INCoS), 2014 International Conference on(pp. 221-228). IEEE. Kang, E.J.S.M.S., 2015. An Integrated Inference Platform for B2C Service Customers' Feedbacks. Lafreniere, K.C., Deshpande, S. and Bjornlund, H., 2015. Segmenting and targeting irrigators preferences regarding proposed water transfers.Society Natural Resources,28(4), pp.423-438. Lewis, P., 2014. Market Entrant Processes, Hurdles and Ideas for Change in the Nordic Energy Market-the View of the Market.Report, Nordic Energy Regulators. Pato, M.D.R.V., 2015.CGI: Reaching out for new sources of revenue in a B2B market context(Doctoral dissertation, Universidade Catlica Portuguesa). Pothitou, M., Kolios, A.J., Varga, L. and Gu, S., 2016. A framework for targeting household energy savings through habitual behavioural change.International Journal of Sustainable Energy,35(7), pp.686-700. Thomas, R.J. and Thomas, R.J., 2016. Multistage market segmentation: an exploration of B2B segment alignment.Journal of Business Industrial Marketing,31(7), pp.821-834. Thomas, R.J. and Thomas, R.J., 2016. Multistage market segmentation: an exploration of B2B segment alignment.Journal of Business Industrial Marketing,31(7), pp.821-834. Zuiderveen Borgesius, F.J., 2015. Improving privacy protection in the area of behavioural targeting.

How to Make a Sample Intentional Torts Essay More Useful

How to Make a Sample Intentional Torts Essay More UsefulWhen a potential client is preparing to hire you, they will probably want to read your sample intentional torts essay. But if you are a lawyer and are not familiar with the law that can be a good chance for you to improve your skills.For example, if you have a sample intentional torts essay written by someone else, you might be tempted to read the entire thing out loud to yourself. This isn't a good idea. Of course you can skim the parts you do understand. But if you are trying to make your paper more readable, don't read it this way.The most important parts of the document are the ending sections. While reading the document to yourself, only read the beginning and the end sections. Then take some time to think about what the other sections mean. After that, try to recall things that happened in between the lines of the paragraphs.Some of the times when your mind does retain different things you shouldn't forget to write them do wn. This will give you a much better understanding of what you wrote. However, if you do need to go back and edit the document, remember to use white space to write the rest of the document. When writing this way, you get a wider range of ideas to work with.As you continue to write, make sure that each paragraph has some purpose. As you are writing the first paragraph, consider what your intended audience will find interesting. Think about what you may want to say and what you will say about those things in your next paragraph.This section needs to give information about the topic area. This will help make the first paragraph understandable by the readers.As you read these paragraphs, pay attention to how you use specific words. You also need to notice how your paragraph structure changes as you go along. Once you understand this, you will be able to avoid having to edit and re-edit later.Take the time to read your sample intentional torts essay before you submit it. It will help yo u get through the process of learning how to write a better article.

A Farewell To Arms - A Love Story Essays - Literature,

A Farewell to Arms - A Love Story A Farewell to Arms, by Ernest Hemingway, is a typical love story. A Romeo and his Juliet placed against the odds. In this novel, Romeo is Frederick Henry and Juliet is Catherine Barkley. Their love affair must survive the obstacles of World War I. The background of war-torn Italy adds to the tragedy of the love story. The war affects the emotions and values of each character. The love between Catherine and Frederick must outlast long separations, life-threatening war-time situations, and the uncertainty of each other's whereabouts or condition. This novel is a beautiful love story of two people who need each other in a period of upheaval. Frederick Henry is an American who serves as a lieutenant in the Italian army to a group of ambulance drivers. Hemingway portrays Frederick as a lost man searching for order and value in his life. Frederick disagrees with the war he is fighting. It is too chaotic and immoral for him to rationalize its cause. He fights anyway, because the army puts some form of discipline in his life. At the start of the novel, Frederick drinks and travels from one house of prostitution to another and yet he is discontent because his life is very unsettled. He befriends a priest because he admires the fact that the priest lives his life by a set of values that give him an orderly lifestyle. Further into the novel, Frederick becomes involved with Catherine Barkley. He slowly falls in love with her and, in his love for her, he finds commitment. Their relationship brings some order and value to his life. Compared to this new form of order in his life, Frederick sees the losing Italian army as total chaos and disorder where he had previously seen discipline and control. He can no longer remain a part of something that is so disorderly and so, he deserts the Italian army. Frederick's desertion from the Italian army is the turning point of the novel. This is the significance of the title, A Farewell to Arms. When Frederick puts aside his involvement in the war, he realizes that Catherine is the order and value in his life and that he does not need anything else to give meaning to his life. At the conclusion of this novel, Frederick realizes that he cannot base his life on another person or thing because, ultimately, they will leave or disappoint him. He realizes that the order and values necessary to face the world must come from within himself. Catherine Barkley is an English volunteer nurse who serves in Italy. She is considered very experienced when it comes to love and loss since she has already been confronted with the death of a loved one when her fiance was killed earlier in the war. The reader is not as well acquainted with Catherine's inner thoughts and feelings as we are with those of Frederick. The story is told through Frederick's eyes and the reader only meets Catherine through the dialogue between her and Frederick or through his personal interpretations of her actions. Catherine already possesses the knowledge that her own life cannot be dependent on another. She learned this lesson through the death of her fiance. Her love for Frederick is what her life revolves around, yet she knows not to rely on him to be the order in her life. Had she been dependent on Frederick for the order in her life, she would not have been able to allow him to participate in the war for fear of losing her own stability with his death. The theme that Hemingway emphasizes throughout the novel is the search for order in a chaotic world. Hemingway conveys this through Frederick's own personal search during the chaos of World War I. Catherine has found strength within herself to lead her through life. This is what Frederick must come to realize. Through his involvement with Catherine, Frederick slowly finds his own inner strength. Frederick's affair with Catherine prompts him to leave his wild life of prostitutes and drink. He becomes aware of an element of stability in their affair and realizes that the war that he was involved in was

Writing Guide for Classification Essay on Globalization

Writing Guide for Classification Essay on Globalization Welcome to our final guide, writing guide for classification essay on globalization, where you’ll learn what is a classification essay and how it’s really written. This guide would help you to make your own essay a classic. It would beautify your composition and would compel your professor or instructor to admire your work and give you a pat on the back (in some cases). But first things first. Before reading this guide, you should keep in mind that without reading our first and second guides, i.e. 10 facts for classification essay on globalization and 20 classification essay topics on globalization, this guide is useless. You have to read all our guidelines to make sure that your essay gets you the expected marks! With that being said, let’s talk about what a classification essay really is: What is It? The organization of things/items into categories/group is known as classification. This is what you actually do in a classification essay. You talk about one particular topic/object and then classify it with a suitable category. To make it more simpler, here is how it’s written: Writing an Effective Classification Essay In order to write an effective and well-composed essay, you should focus on: Sorting out the object/topic/things into useful categories. Ensuring that every category you have focused on has same principle. Giving examples that are suitable with the category. Finding suitable categories for your topic/subject/object. Finding categories is really what is considered essential in a classification essay. You have to classify things in a logical way and to do that, you have to find suitable categories that you can put those things into. Let’s take an example here. You have bought three pairs of shoes, but instead of putting them in random cabinets, you put them where they belong i.e. one pair would be categorized as a a formal wear, the other would be a semi-formal and the last one could be a casual wear. This is how you really categorize things. Very simple, indeed. Writing the Thesis Statement The thesis statement of a classification essay is usually different from what you might have written on other types of essays. This kind of thesis includes the topic itself, and a brief answer of how it’s classified. For example, During the visit to Hawaii, there are three water sports that you must experience in order to get the most out of the visit: surfing, snorkeling and sailing. How to Actually Write It Determine the Categories A classification essay should be thoroughly written. You shouldn’t avoid writing any category that might be an important one for the topic/object you’ve chosen. Similarly, you shouldn’t also include too many categories, especially those that may blur your classification. In simple terms, use the most appropriate categories in your classification essay. For example, if you’re writing on sport shoes, don’t categorize it with bowling or fashion shoes, that would be inappropriate and would blur your audience too. Classify by a Single Principle Classify your categories into a single organizing principle. This is how you actually sort the groups, as such classification helps clarify your categories even more. To do that, don’t blend your essay with other organizing principles. Keep your essay focused only on one particular principle. For example, if you’re writing on a tourist-oriented paper that talks about watersports, using a native watersports orientation would include different categories than the tourist oriented one. Support Categories with Examples Of course, you can’t expect a well-written essay to be without a supporting paragraph. These paragraphs would fill in the examples that support each categories. Just make sure that all the examples are equally supporting with some solid facts that are relevant to the point you are trying to make. Also, all categories should have equal amount of example and be of similar word count. However, the last category may require more examples, so you can add more elaborated examples there, but nowhere else. Conclusion Once you categorize your topic/subject, the last thing you want to do is take the reader back to what the essay really is all about. It’s more like a rewinding of what had been discussed previously. Once that’s taken care of, your first draft of the essay is complete. Before submitting it, make sure you proofread it thoroughly and add more stuff that can beautify your classification essay and can make it exemplary. That’s it! You’re now ready to submit your essay.

Society during the teenage years Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Society during the teenage years - Essay Example Documentary Sources: This research was conducted by me by interviewing two of my close relatives including my grandfather and one of my mother’s cousin’s mothers-in-law. The purpose of selecting these two sources included, to acquire first-hand information, my easy access to interview them and their experience and knowledge about the difficulties they had to face at their teenage. Summary: According to two of my relatives who were born in the year 1960s, young generation today is much more developed as compared to the ones born in grandparent’s generation. The major difference between the two generations is the expression of speech. Today, youngsters have comparatively more freedom to express their ideas as more information and knowledge is available to them. This is because in today’s society we are competing on the international level which why being informative and knowledgeable is essential. They further stated that, during their teenage years it was t he period where they did not have the right or courage to openly put up their thoughts because of the fear of getting unemployed, getting into the prison and at times even of the fear of being murdered. Therefore, in order to remain protected and safe they preferred choosing the politically acceptable path. However, today youngsters are much more open to express their ideas through articles, internet and editorials internationally. It is due to the easy exchange of ideas that we are experiencing positive transformation and change in our current society. Youth today has the opportunity to attain the best possible education as the quality of education has improved drastically. There are unlimited amount of universities functioning throughout the world providing you the option to select the best for yourself. In addition to the advantages, they believe that there are also several shortcomings that are currently prevailing in the society including the existence of corruption in every ty pe of field and profession, less confidence in achieving their goals successfully in future, fading traditions, lacking patriotism and national values. It has been seen that corruption exists in almost every profession whether it be teaching or police force. All respected professions too are involved in corruption and bribery. However, in our grandparent’s era corruption was very rare because people believed in the saying, â€Å"honesty is the best policy.† Therefore, every individual who was deserving and intelligent had the chance to be successful. Furthermore, they also believe that youth today do not have the confidence of being successful in future as competition has increased and people are unaware and confused about what they actually want to achieve. On the other hand, people in olden days were well-aware of their goals and studied accordingly to achieve them. The added advantage our grandparents had in their teenage was less amount of competition. Past traditi ons are gradually diminishing due to which majority older population today are jobless and are treated as an unwanted burden

Managing Revenue and Working Capital to Avoid Factoring in Health Orga Essay - 1

Managing Revenue and Working Capital to Avoid Factoring in Health Organization - Essay Example Another risk is that when debtors default in paying their invoices on the stipulated date the hospital risks paying more interest to the factoring company which was not budgeted for. Lack of proper management of working capital and revenue inflow might lead to the business getting to a situation of insolvency. Creditors to the health organization might be claiming from the organization more than the assets of the organization which might lead to bankruptcy. This might tatter the image of the organization and lead to poor performance of the credit rating of the hospital. Banks and other financial organization will refuse to extend any loan to the hospital in future date which might cripple the organization when a need for capital arises in future dates. When the health organization gets into this situation it will lack the liquid capital to grow, pay suppliers or meet unexpected costs within the health unit. Some of the measures that the finance officer has to take into consideration to avoid such situations are: The health organization will need to balance between acquisition of assets and payment of its recurrent expenditure like salaries and wages. The moderate form of working capital policy would suit the health center to avoid situations of the need of having to look for short-term debts to pay for its current and long-term assets. This policy will do away with risks that come with the aggressive policy of working capital where short-term debts will be needed to finance fixed or permanent working capital. The fluctuating working capital will be financed through short-term borrowing. This situation will eliminate a situation of financing all the working capital needs from short-term loans which may lead to factoring within the health unit (Nowicki, 2011). The health organization might be expanding or buying long-term assets like medical equipment.  Buying of these assets will lead to huge cash outflows which will affect the availability of cash to meet other expenditures.

Ethical Principals for Protecting Research Participants Essay Example for Free

Ethical Principals for Protecting Research Participants Essay Participating in a research study is an opportunity for people to contribute to the advancement of healthcare practice or other measures. Researchers typically collect data from a population of people that share common characteristics that make them appropriate subjects for the area being studied. In order to assure that participants are adequately protected, a set of ethical principles should be adhered to by all research facilitators. â€Å"The Belmont Report articulates three primary ethical principles on which standards of ethical conduct in research are based: beneficence, respect for human dignity, and justice† (Beck Polit, 2006). The principle of beneficence serves to minimize harm to participants, maximize the benefits of the study, and protect the participant from any form of exploitation. â€Å"In research with humans, harm and discomfort can take many forms: they can be physical, emotional, social, or financial† (Beck Polit, 2006). Facilitators of any research study must be conscious of this and use strategies to alleviate potential of such harm. Ethical researchers must be prepared to terminate their study if any evidence of distress on the participants is discovered. Another duty that researchers face is to protect participants from exploitation. â€Å"Involvement in a study should not place participants at a disadvantage or expose them to situations that they have not been prepared† (Beck Polit, 2006). In summary, participants must feel secure that the information they provide will not be used against them in any fashion. The second ethical principle addressed by The Belmont Report is the respect for human dignity. Study participants have the right to self-determination, or the capability to control their own activities. This right encompasses the ability to ask questions, refuse to provide information, or even withdraw from a study without consequences. The entitlement of self-determination also includes the freedom from being coerced into participating in a study, such as an economically disadvantaged person being offered a large stipend to participate. This may be seen as placing this individual under undue pressure to participate in the study. The principle of the respect for human dignity also includes the right to full disclosure. This allows a person to make informed, voluntary decisions regarding the study they are participating in. â€Å"Full disclosure means that the researcher has fully described the nature of the study, the person’s right to refuse participation, the researcher’s responsibilities, and the likely risks and benefits that would be incurred† (Beck Polit, 2006). The last ethical principle delivered in The Belmont Report pertains to justice. This principle ensures participants’ rights to fair treatment and the right to privacy. Justice promotes duties to neither neglect nor discriminate against individuals. â€Å"The principle of justice imposes particular obligations toward individuals who are unable to protect their own interests to ensure they are not exploited for the advancement of knowledge† (Beck Polit, 2006). Researchers must also acknowledge the participants’ right to privacy. They must ensure that their research is minimally intrusive and the participants’ privacy is respected throughout the study. People that partake in a study should expect that any information they provide will be kept in strict confidence. There are designated procedures in place to ensure participants’ satisfaction of a study upon completion. One such task is the risk/benefit assessment. â€Å"Such an assessment is designed to determine whether the benefits of participating in a study are in line with the costs, be they financial, physical, emotional, or social† (Beck Polit, 2006). Researchers can also offer a debriefing session after data collection is complete. This allows participants to ask questions or air complaints pertaining to the study. Researchers can demonstrate their interest in study participants by offering to share findings with them once the data has been analyzed. Lastly, facilitators should refer participants to appropriate health or psychological services as deemed necessary. Bibliography Beck, C. and Polit, D. (2006.) Essentials of Nursing Research: Methods, Appraisal, and Utilization. (6th ed.) Philadelphia: Lippincott, Williams, and Wilkins.

Essay on Eating Disorder - Dying to Be Thin :: Argumentative Persuasive Topics

Dying to Be Thin Seeing an empty box of over-the-counter diet pills in the bathroom at school a couple of weeks ago really got me thinking: what is the ideal body image that we throw at teenagers today? More and more we see people equate success and popularity with beauty and, especially, with being thin. The media, one of the biggest influences on young people, is crammed with images of "the perfect body," and American life seems to revolve around health clubs, diet pills, and fat-free foods. As contributing factors to eating disorders continue to rise in everyday life, so do the statistics. Fifteen percent of the teenagers diagnosed with Anorexia Nervosa will die this year, and as many as 1 in 5 college students are engaging in some form of bulimic behavior. Anorexia is found chiefly in adolescents, especially young women, and female anorexics outnumber males 15 to 1. With numbers this high, someone you know, literally, may be dying to be thin. In medicine, Anorexia Nervosa is a condition characterized by an intense fear of weight gain or becoming obese, as well as a distorted body image. An anorexic will claim to "feel fat" even when emaciated, and will refuse to maintain a normal, minimal body weight. Visible signs of Anorexia include: * fear of food and situations where food may be present; * rigid exercise regimes; * dressing in layers to hide weight loss; * use of laxatives, enemas or diuretics to get rid of food. Treatment techniques for Anorexia include family therapy, group therapy, support or self-help groups, and individual psychotherapy. Given the proper treatment, approximately 50% of diagnosed anorexics will recover completely within 2 to 5 years. Bulimia, characterized by compulsive binge-eating and purging, is very closely related to Anorexia Nervosa. Victims of these two disorders may share many of the same behaviors and concerns, especially the intense fear of becoming fat. For bulimics, food becomes an obsession and an addiction. Some visible signs include: * strict dieting followed by eating binges; * disappearing after a meal; * excessive concerns about weight; * expressing guilt or shame about eating.

Managing Across Culture

{draw:rect} {draw:rect} 000579613; 000573398; 000573202; 000583118;000527971 {draw:frame} {draw:frame} {draw:frame} {draw:frame} {draw:frame} {draw:frame} {draw:frame} {draw:frame} {draw:frame} {draw:frame} {draw:frame} Managing Across Cultures- Group Report on Case Study Analysis of Alcatel-Lucent BY TEAM: Meenak*shi Mukherjee* 000579613 Carlos Andres Serna 000583118 Quasirat Hasnat 000573202 Sangeet Premkumar 000573398 Imran Shahzad 000527971 Executive Summary This paper examines a case study sprouting mergers of two firms Alcatel and Lucent technologies. This paper provides an insight into the French and American cultures taking into consideration the parent company cultural imbroglio. Alcatel, an American company, was previously owned by the technological giant, the AT&T group. However in the year 1996, the company parted ways from the group of AT &T and merged with the French company, Alcatel. Alcatel, headquartered in France, provides hardware-software services to the telecommunications sector involving service providers and enterprises. On the 1st December, 2006, Alcatel- Lucent merged to explore greater productivity by utilizing jointly owned resources, products and services. Cross-cultural barriers hindered Alcatel-Lucent’s strategic advantageover its competitors. In this paper, the Alcatel- Lucent merger will be critically analysed with help reference frameworks and cultural tools such as Hofstede’s dimensions, Trompenaar’s theories on culture and related articles from newspapers. In the recent years, companies have been adopting the strategy to expand their markets globally with different strategies such as mergers and acquisitions, strategic alliances, licensing etc. However, companies trying to achieve synergetic benefits often fail in their process of expansion due to the cultural problems revolving between the host and home countries. Introduction Alcatel-Lucent, headquartered in Paris, France, is the Telecom giant with over 77,000 employees in its payroll a with annual revenue generated as reported in the financial report standing at a staggering 16. 98 billion Euros. The merger of parent companies Alcatel and Lucent was anticipated to be the ‘shining star’ of mergers and was aptly phrased as a merger of equals (Sutherland, 2006). This paper discusses the importance of cultural differences and indicates the problems that can be create when different cultural interaction occurs between different strata’s of organizations. Short Brief about different cultures Culture can be considered to be a vast word having no unified idea that can summarize the true essence of it. Some scholars and researchers define Culture as a part of our environmental conditioning, usually distributed among members of similar nations, regions and areas (_Sorensen_, 1984). This case study is used to communicate the study of cross culture and its related problems. In regards to job environment, the French Culture believes in providing security for the members of the society. The Culture is competitive yet assertive but however is risk averse and consumes too much time to take decisions to deal with a situation. On the contrary, the American Culture is easy going and flexible. Americans believe in quick decision making with a â€Å"win-lose† approach and as a result accept uncertainties in a positive manner. In a recent article, Holstein (2007) stated, that the two parent companies addressed the issue of crisis taking measures differently. In times of crisis, the Americans believe in reducing costs through scaling down job opportunities whereas the French have a supportive approach towards their employees with the government acting as the back bone to resolve such issues making the process of decision slow but unaffected by the crisis piling on the company with additional operational costs. The inclination of the American Culture is towards achieving short term goals such as profit making, however, the French culture denotes a negative aspect of doing business with haste. The French decision making processes are long and tend to measure each step taking important aspects into consideration. Literature review The Dutch anthropologist, Trompenaars , conducted a research over 10 years and eventually publishing his work in 1994. Expatriates in an organisation can benefit from his dimensions by having knowledge on the managing tasks in different cultures (Trompeenars et. al. , 1997). Universalism Vs Particularism: According to Trompenaars , Universalism and Particularism are terms used to denote a culture which is governed by rules and relationships. In the words of French (2007), rules are flexible in particularistic societies and relationships are given more importance than rules. Trompenaar’s classifies of USA as aUniversalistic society bound by rules. Hence, Lucent as a company believes in developing rules, codes and standards that can be applicable to everyone in every situation without any modification. In USA, negotiation takes place in written agreements, shows that a formal procedure is to be followed to do business. However in a particularistic culture, the type of relationship determines the business. Whereas the French culture is average in Universalism indicating Alcatel, the French company is neither too particularistic nor too universalistic and rationally develop inter personal relationship and trust bearing in mind the expected standards (Gesteland, 2005). Affective/ Emotional Vs Neutral: Affective and Neutral are terms used to represent emotions with in a culture. In affective cultures individuals tend to show their emotions explicitly in public like the American culture. However Neutral cultures believe in implicit behaviour towards their emotions. According to French (2007), different cultures exhibit different behaviours when it comes to emotions. American people tend to deliver their disgust spot-on using verbal communication where as the French do so with sign language such as frowning and smirks. The US and French cultures are both alignedvery close to each other in terms of how emotional or neutral they are. Both of them are moderately average, which means people working in Lucent as well as Alcatel neither express their feelings too enthusiastically nor do they try to hide their feelings (Gesteland, 2005). Specificity Vs Diffuseness: According to Hampden (1998), Specificity is a term used to represent cultures where difference between work life and personalised life are applicable. In diffused cultures, the society is non- segregated as work and personalised life are closely interlinked. According to Guirdham (1999), the French are diffused in their cultural believes hence personal and professional life is considered to be a part of the culture whereas the Americans believe in keeping the two separate. Achievement Vs Ascription: Trompenaar describes cultures which believe in achieving status through performance with a generic belief that status can be gained and lost if performances are not measured accordingly. Ascribed status is where people believe that status is gained through inherent right and not according to what they perform in everyday life(French,2007). Achievement oriented societies formed by individuals who believe in achieving goals independently. For example the reigning President of the United States of America, Barrack Obama is an individual who became the president with his qualities and perseverance. In Ascribed societies, people believe in the status and the background of individuals. This juxtaposes the idea that in France one can participate in politics only if their family has been inclined politically in the past. The American culture is achievement oriented thus at Lucent, social status or position of an employee is derived from his/her achievements. The employees in Alcatel could grow only if their business links with the superiors are concrete (Guirdham, 1999). Sequential Time vs. Synchronisation: The word, sequence, is used to describe time where events follow one another whereas in synchronised time, events are arranged at a parallel basis. Multi-tasking is the main feature of synchronisation. Lucent being a North American company follows monochromic time that is tangible and divisible. They view time as a narrow spectrum of distinct, consecutive segments. Hence they perform only one activity at a time with greater focus, keeping a strict schedule of appointments and showing a strong resistance from deviating their plans (Gesteland, 2005). Whereas Alcatel being a Mediterranean country follows Polychromic time, for them time is indivisible and flexible. Time is viewed as a norm and people perform multiple activities simultaneously which makes them distracted very easily. For them appointments are approximate and can be changed at any point of time, schedules are not as important as relationships are. Future Vs Past Orientation: Lucent focuses more on the present and the immediate future than what has happened in the past. They concentrate on achieving result within a short span of time. In Alcatel, the present and future are valued by looking at events that occurred previously. Any given situation is compared to the previous happenings. Time orientation does matter a lot when companies operate in different cultures. It creates chaos specially in taking long term decisions. High Vs Low context cultures: Lucent (USA)- as a company possesses the attributes of a low context culture where it relies on information explicitly provided, detailed communication and even higher detailed instruction at workplace. However at Alcatel (France), employees practice moderate levels of cultural context interms of communication, information and even instruction at workplace. Alcatel being a French company practices very high power distance, which means a wide gap exists between leaders, subordinates and management decisions are made at the top level only without the consent of fellow employees. Hofstede’s Cultural Dimensions Dutch Anthropologist, Geert Hofstede defines culture as â€Å"The collective programming of the mind which distinguishes the members of one category of people from another† (Hofstede, 2001). Using his survey at the IBM involving employees from world over, he formulated the cultural dimensional framework. High Vs Low Power Distance: Power distance is related to a society which is divided into classes and ranks. In USA, ranks are least important to individuals as they believe in Equality. Organisational ranks often make employees feel uncomfortable and are not practiced widely. In France such distinction between classes and ranks are acceptable. Though high organisational ranked employees believe in respecting employees of lower ranks but make sure that the distinction is clear. In such countries it is wise for a subordinate to use terms such as ‘Sir’ or ‘Madam’. Whereas, at Lucent- a US based company, power distance is relatively low. The gap between superior and subordinate is minimal likewise salary and decisions are made consulting with everyone, though organizational hierarchy exists but for convenience. High Vs Low Uncertainty Avoidance: The term Uncertainty denotes societies that are risk averse and risk takers. In US, the culture believes in taking risks and with France, risk taking is not a wise decision and is often followed with monotonous long-term decision making. The French are known for high uncertainty avoidance. Hence at Alcatel people prefer not to take risks unnecessarily, they usually are loyal to their employers and have long work records. The organization is structured with explicit rules and regulations with the employee (French, 2007). Therefore, Lucent as an organization is not well structured and people are eager to take risk, thus being flexible that makes them not loyal enough and are clear indicators of short term employees. As France is extremely cautious about uncertainty decisions, thus employees at Alcatel are extremely concerned about job losses. In a recent article Sutherland (2006) stated that: â€Å"About 10 percent, or 8,800 employees, will be laid-off. Lucent could not answer which percentage of the job losses will be borne by the U. S. Company, but French laws tightly control when employers can fire workers† (Cited in, Sutherland, 2006). Individualism Vs Collectivism: In Individualistic societies, individuals tend to look after their family and themselves. Organisational goals are based on individualistic performance and not on the group effort. Team works are performed with individual rewarding system. Collectivist countries believe that the essence of good performance is based on team work. Individuals must sacrifice their personal interest for the benefit of the team. Rewards and bonuses are according to the team’s performance on activities. The French and American individualistic characteristics are common, causing a clash of cultures while working in conglomerate companies such as Alcatel-lucent. Individualism evolved when the two companies merged because the people started thinking of their own self interests instead of considering the company on the whole. This leads to chaotic asynchronous processes that are disruptive for productivity (French, 2007). Masculinity Vs Femininity: Masculinity and femininity are characterized by behaviours such as assertiveness, competitiveness, caring and loving. Masculinity is a composition of tough values whereas Femininity shows tender traits. Both the nations are masculine in nature but the roles of women in the two societies are very different. In USA, Women can reach the top layers of the organisation whereas in the France it is the other way round and men are given more precedence as the society male dominant. In an article Holstein (2007) stated that: â€Å"One is that there is confusion about who’s in charge. Russo became CEO of the combined entity and Tchuruk became chairman. In American cultural terms, that means Russo runs the company. After all, she’s the CEO. But in a European context, and particularly a French setting, the chairman is the boss. Confusion at the top is deadly† (Cited by, Holstein, 2007). Masculinity is relatively high in Alcatel compared to Lucent. At Alcatel, people believe in competition, performance and male dominance. Whereas at Lucent ,people seek equal opportunity, better quality of work, solidarity over other factors including competitive behaviour. Patricia Russo, a successful business entrepreneur from the USA is an example of a Masculine dominant society where women scale the height of opportunities. According to Verwaayen (2008), decisions making in Alcatel-Lucent remains a crucial factor as the two companies have different reporting standards. In Alcatel the Chairman is the head who takes the final decisions relating to a company and in Lucent the CEO is the person who delegates decisions. The two different distinct approaches have clearly confused the role of employees in both the companies. Verwaayen (2008) also stated that in mergers, long distances usually creates trauma as processes cannot be co-ordinated hence provides freehand edge to competitors. According Gubbins (2007), it is important for the government to have a top- bottom flat structured system so as to make the operations of the company smooth and efficient to survive the competitive environment. Cultural clashes were so evident that Patricia Russo, the chief executive decided to leave the company and stakeholders expected changes after his reign. This can be analysed from the newsfeed of Alcatel-Lucent (2009) stating that: â€Å"We hope that a new CEO will be able to bridge the cultural divide between the Americans and the French and get all sides pulling together† (Cited in, Windsor, 2008). Analysis of Opportunities, *Challenges,* Considerations Opportunities Alcatel-Lucent partners a project phrased as the â€Å"Cercle Passeport Telecoms†,in France, which is a business program for corporate mentoring of multicultural students from humble backgrounds in their pursuit for higher academic opportunities (Alcatel-Lucent,2008). As a part of the recruitment opportunities, Alcatel Lucent revamped its business training programs into sessions that integrated technical training with hands-on experience on security products and data transmission . Further emphasis on sales methodologies, reaching out to partners to engage with the end-users and to carve out solutions to address their needs. In order to convert innovative ideas into reality products or services, Alcatel-Lucent launched the Entrepreneurial Boot Camp housed in Belgium in the spring of 2006. Aimed at a constructive build of a global knowledge base where creativity blossoms, a business foundation like the Boot Camp is a grooming factory for all the budding business developers of the next generation. Alcatel-Lucent’s strategic security partnership with renowned financial sector reseller Abraxas Partners paves wave for new job opportunities showering prosperity in the near future (Alcatel-Lucent, 2008). Considerations The primary objective of a merger is the integration of skills, resources, and business networks and their harmonic implementation. Taking into account Cultural differences, mergers are drafted, and contingency plans are prepared in order to tackle such differences. When cultural differences arise at higher level of the organizational hierarchy, the execution of these pre planned contingencies become haphazard(Turner & Trompenaars, 2000). The analysis of this uber-merger case study has given us a clear insight in to the detrimental situations aroused by unsuccessful execution of mergers. The cultural differences seem irrelevant considering the fallacies involved with it are not redundant while assessing shifts in fiscal trends. The persistent pressure enforced a moral obligation, convincing the American chief executive, Patricia Russo and the French Chairman, Serge Tchuruk to step down. (Ruitenberg,2008). The ignorance of demographic and geographic interests might have had a negative impact on the merger. Previous acquisitions and mergers may have misunderstood the merger as a change in organizational goals. According to Jolly (2008) ,Alcatel-Lucent’s current vision can be quoted as â€Å"CSR is about being a value driven company, where values are not words on pieces of paper but things we do automatically . It’s about being a company that is inclusive and has respect for the individuals, respect for differences and respect for cultures â€Å". Challenges Mergers and Acquisitions have a tendency to confront various issues and involve constant reframing of policies. Differences can be resolved at the nascent stages of the Merger or Acquisition only. Alcatel-Lucent faces a challenge in restoring their longstanding relation with their previous collaborators like Bell Labs, Packet Engines and Xylan who might have experienced difficulties while the management underwent changes, so that they may continue providing and developing their services. They also face the challenge of retaining existing customers especially those who might have endured inept services while the organization resolved its differences. The merger of the parent companies has taken a toll of time and the company has experienced positive development in turnovers, cultural integration thus reoccupying the held market share and brand goodwill. Internal Organization Alcatel-Lucent’s design and consultancy service convolutes the vital processes necessary to ensure an integration of cost-effective, flexible network infrastructure. Business Consulting, Operations Consulting, Applications Consulting, Security Consulting, Network Consulting & Design, Network & Service Optimization are Business units and processes that constitute this esteemed organization (Alcatel-Lucent,2008). Conclusion and Recommendation Complications usually occur when two companies from two different countries merge to benefit synergetic effects. In terms of Alcatel- lucent, the two parent companies follow an individualistic approach which motivates employees to work towards individualistic goals and often the objective of the company is not taken into mere consideration. The essence of good successful business is to adopt a collectivistic approach giving the goal and the mission of the company at the top priority. Team work will motivate employees of Alcatel- Lucent to take decision jointly (Alcatel-Lucent, 2008). To bridge the gap between America and the France, it is important to reduce the distance by sending employees of each company onto expatriate missions. To understand a culture, it is important to stand in the threshold of the other. Managers in expatriate missions will gain better understanding of the French and the American cultures thus adjusting to the new inter-cross culture. Leadership should be vested in hands of one and not many, therefore confusion at the top should be avoided by integrating processes with clear objectives. Employees should be made to report to only one superior. It is important for the company, Alcatel- Lucent, to use new technologies such as video conferencing to reduce communication barriers between the employees of the two countries. In this time of financial crisis, it is important to cut costs to sustain in the global business market. Top heavy structures in the company with higher pay packs to the employees could create operational loss. In the reduction of financial position, the competitors would benefit by reaping advantage of the situation and overlapping it by way of acquisition. As the French are more protective about the job loss scenario, the company should take effective measures such as putting employee rolls stagnant thereby reducing its financial cost. References French, R. 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R(2008), â€Å"Alcatel-Lucent confronts its cross-cultural challenges† BBC News[Online] available at: http://leaderswedeserve. wordpress. com/2008/07/31/alcatel-lucent-confronts-its -cross-cultural-challenges (Accessed on 5th Nov. 2009). Managing across Cultures, INDU 1033 – Team Reflection – Questions to guide the Team Presentation and Written Report Draw on your experiences: how would you qualify the teamwork in terms of {text:list-item} Keeping in mind the scarcity of information available in journals and online web content a strategic plan was devised to search online material using key trigger words that would facilitate in text referencing. The presentation time being short was a challenge for me in my role( Meenakshi Mukherjee) as group leader to define specific roles to my team mates to quantify the case study of Alcatel –Lucent keeping in mind the cultural heritage both companies’ native countries share. A well defined work with ample support from team members in way of skills and research makes me happy and feel good as a budding manager graduating from this esteemed university. {text:list-item} I would like to reflect on the fact that our team being truly multicultural, representing various nations of the world knit as family segregating this task into sections of expertise . Taking the reference frame work set forth by the respected lecturer and tutors, each subtopic in the case study was carefully classified and analysed. Disputes about the content were usually friendly group discussions in a professional manner. How much could difficulties be related to national variations in approaches to group work ? Multicultural teams like ours have different rational thinking capabilities . Innovative ideas streamlined. But the pipeline for these ideas was the standards we must set . Work can be left to interpretation. A consensus of the group eradicated doubt and hesitant notions. What elements of the process would you do differently next time. NB various approaches may exist among the different members of the team The data collection was done in large qualities from various limited resources. The case of Alcatel Lucent is primarily neglected in the business world. Careful selection of the company of reference could have been more articulate and the constrains of time and word limited was a real burden . Optimum utilization of resources can be improvide in future. The following members of the team declare to have fulfilled a